Religion and Economics in Robinson Crusoe and Protestant Ethic and the

Religion and Economics in Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe and Max Weber's Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalismâ â â â â â â â â â â One of the most perceived and compelling speculations in humanism shows up in Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, which interfaces the advancement of private enterprise to social and social elements, basically religion, rather than monetary factors alone. In his hypothesis Weber presumes that the Protestant Ethic significantly impacted the improvement of free enterprise in the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds of years. As indicated by Gordon Marshall, Weber contends that the two most significant components of Protestantism adding to private enterprise were steadiness in common reasons for living or jobs and the idea of fate (71). On the off chance that without a doubt these strict components influenced the ascent of free enterprise, it would bode well that other social components, for example, writing, would reflect both Protestant and entrepreneur belief system. This exposition shows that in truth such Protestant thoughts as calling and destiny, which w ere available in the religion of the time, communicate with industrialist thoughts in Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, who was himself a dedicated Protestant that pre-owned his compositions to impact both the strict and financial perspectives on his perusers (Earle 31). In the event that Weber's contention is viable, at that point Robinson Crusoe may serve to speak to in fiction the Protestant Ethic in mid eighteenth century society and its creating soul of free enterprise. A particularly intriguing inquiry that emerges from this investigation is the means by which a social structure that is customarily viewed as a-good, uncalled for, and materialistic (i.e., financial aspects) can be advocated by a structure that is viewed as good, just, and profound (i.e., rel... ...ork: Scribner's, 1954. Earle, Peter. The World of Defoe. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976. Forell, George W. The Protestant Faith. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1960. Marshall, Gordon. In Search of the Spirit of Capitalism: An Essay on Max Weber's Protestant Ethic Thesis. New York: Columbia UP, 1982. Pauck, Wilhelm. The Heritage of Reformation. New York: Oxford UP, 1950. Reshef, Yonatan. Max Weber: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. n. pag. On the web. Web. 5 October 1999. Accessible: http://courses.bus.ualberta.ca/orga417/weber.htm Tawney, R. H. Religion and the Rise of Capitalism: A Historical Study. London: Hazell, Watson, and Viney, 1926. Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. On the web. 10 October 1999. Accessible: http://www.spc.uchicago.edu/ssrl/PRELIMS/Theory/weber.html#weber2. Â

Accounting Theory and Issues Preparing Business Concerns

Question: Examine about the Accounting Theory and Issues for Preparing Business Concerns. Answer: Presentation The current examination reveals insight into the bookkeeping speculations and ideas and the manner in which business concerns get ready and present their broadly useful budgetary reports. The present examination explains in detail the points, destinations and foundation of three top 100 (Australia Stock Exchange-ASX) recorded associations, to be specific, BHP Billiton, CSR Limited and Woolworths Limited. What's more, the current examination explains in detail the calculated system of the three distinct associations so as to do a near investigation of the structure for the readiness and introduction of budget summaries. Besides, the current investigation additionally elucidates in subtleties the substance of the three business concerns and does a similar examination between the three distinct organizations. Accordingly, the present segment does an overall investigation of the compensation structure, calculated system alongside various issues of the bookkeeping of the three distinct or ganizations. In this way, it very well may be said that the present record illustratively a near articulation of the bookkeeping standards and issues with exceptional direction to the activities of BHP Billiton Limited, CSR Limited and Woolworths Limited. Foundation BHP Billiton Limited is a traded on an open market notable Anglo-Australian transnational mining, metals just as oil organization, traded on an open market in the ASX (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). BHP Billiton, headquartered in Melbourne, Australia is the biggest mining company on the planet specified by the market estimations of 2015 and is the fourth biggest business worry in Australia as far as income (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). CSR Limited is a colossal openly recorded Australian modern partnership that works in the structure material industry. The organization, headquartered in New South Wales, Australia, works in Australia, New Zealand and United States and markets items, for example, glass, blocks plasterboard, protection just as aluminum (Csr.com.au 2016). Woolworths Limited is an Australian retail goliath that is traded on an open market in the Australian Stock Exchange. The organization, headquartered in New South Wales, Australia, works in the retailing business and serves in Australia, New Zealand and India (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). Woolworths Limited is viewed as the second biggest company in Australia as far as income, simply after the Perth based global Wesfarmers. The organization works in various divisions that incorporate the grocery stores, Food For less, alcohol area, Petrol and General Merchandise among numerous others (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). Point The points and destinations of BHP Billiton are To make long haul an incentive for the investors of the firm by methods for disclosure, securing, improvement just as promoting of characteristic assets (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). To possess just as work colossal, strong, low-estimated, and expandable and simultaneously upstream resources stretched out in various items, geologies just as market. The points and destinations of CSR Limited are To convey expanded comes back to investors by methods for age of development in income and increment in gainfulness (Csr.com.au 2016) To concentrate on focused end markets with the absorbed just as separated items and administrations with the plan to achieve supportable development and higher edges with returns The points and targets of Woolworths Limited are To convey development year on year and to give reliably solid comes back to the investors of the partnership To recapture energy in the stores of Australia and to outflank in the alcohol business To clarify headway in the Masters way to efficiency, increasing speed of the lean retail model to contend in new condition, upkeep of trained portfolio the executives just as capital distribution Substance of organizations The substance of the organization CSR Limited incorporates crucial, bookkeeping just as expense framework, customers and enrollments. The target of the associations is to improve the estimation of the investors of the firm by guaranteeing steady development of the partnership. Conversation Examination between organizations The three organizations CSR Limited, Woolworths Limited and the BHP Billiton can be looked at dependent on the utilization of the bookkeeping norms and standards and the exhibitions of the partnership. The exhibition of the partnership can be dissected dependent on the benefit and the potential for age of income of the company (Rankin et al. 2012). According to the consistence revelation in the yearly proclamation of the organization CSR Limited, it very well may be thus discovered that the broadly useful budgetary report of the organization is in compliance with the Corporation Act 2001. What's more, the universally useful money related reports is additionally arranged subsequent to thinking about the usage just as translation of various bookkeeping standards as specified under the Australian Accounting Standards Board. The measures contain hidden research just as advancement use, essential deals, general just as regulatory uses, fundamental benefit and cost of deals, working benefi t, net benefit and profit per share (Horngren et al. 2012). The united budget reports follow the idea of distinguishing exchange receivables at reasonable worth and from that point are listed at amortized cost (Hong Yang 2012). Once more, the inventories of the company CSR Limited is basically esteemed at net feasible worth or probably cost whichever is second rate however the procedure is judicious yet it downplays benefit. Moreover, the partnership CSR Limited additionally follows the straight-line procedure of devaluation that precisely recreates the treatment of benefit (Arnold 2011). This aides in introducing valid just as reasonable estimation of various resources, liabilities, money related condition along with the benefit and misfortune. Then again, the administration of the Woolworths Limited gets ready and presents the General Purpose Financial Reports as per the Corporation Act 2001 and the Australian Accounting Standards just as Interpretations, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). Furthermore, the budget summaries likewise comply with different commitments of law. Once more, the united budgetary statements are additionally arranged basically in the Australian Dollars that happens to the utilitarian cash of the organization. Moreover, the merged money related statements are likewise sorted out dependent on the recorded expense barring certain benefits just as liabilities that are estimated at reasonable incentive as explained in various bookkeeping techniques (Bragg 2011). The administration of BHP Billiton Limited gets ready just as presents combined budget summaries according to the International Financial Reporting Standards as was given by the International Accounting Standards Board and sketched out in the area 41 Basis of planning and estimation to the fiscal summaries in the money related reports. Likewise, the administration of the organization additionally utilizes distinctive non-IFRS measures that can help during the time spent assessment of the presentation. Once more, according to the yearly fiscal reports of the organization BHP Billiton Limited, the premise of planning just as estimation likewise accommodates with conditions (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Relative evaluation of the monetary exhibition The organizations can likewise be thought about dependent on various estimation of execution of organizations. The structure for readiness just as introduction of money related revelations mirrors the way that various things that raise the financial advantages are basically included as the pay and various things that decline the monetary advantage of the firm speaks to the costs of the firm in the pay articulation of the enterprise (Devi and Hooper 2012). Once more, the investigation of various things of budgetary execution can incorporate the income and benefit. The investigation of the money related reports in the yearly articulations of the organization BHP Billiton Limited mirrors the way that the income of the organization during the year 2015 was enrolled to be US $44638 million (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). The combined salary explanation of the organization uncovers the way that the income has diminished from US $56762 enrolled during 2014 to US$44638 in 2015. Once more, the merged budget summaries additionally uncover the way that the income age of the partnership has declined reliably all through the three-year time frame. Once more, the yearly explanation of the BHP Billiton uncovers the way that the inferable benefit of the organization was recorded to be US $ 2884m, US $1384 m, US $ (1312) m, US $269 m and US $ (1512) m (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Notwithstanding, the profits of the organization have expanded all through the five-year time of 2011 to 2015. The profit of BHP Billiton Limited has reached US$6.6 billion (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). This mirrors the way that the income of the organization has likewise declined during the period 2015 as the business income has declined on one hand and the profit payout has expanded. Once more, the advantages of the company have likewise diminished from US $151413 in 2014 to US $124580. At long last, it tends to be said that the inferable benefit, income and the profit affirmation of the partnership can be considered as the presentation estimation standards for the company. Figure 1: Consolidated Income Statement of BHP Billiton Limited (Source: Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Once more, the investigation of the money related execution of Woolworths Limited incorporates the assessment of the income and the net benefit of the firm from the salary proclamation of the enterprise. The all out income of the firm was recorded to be $60868 million during the year 2015 (Woolworthslimi

The Three Main Types of Business Analysis Essay Samples

The Three Main Types of Business Analysis Essay SamplesBusiness analysis essay samples are available in a wide variety of formats. Depending on the type of study you intend to do, there is a particular essay sample that will best suit your needs.The most traditional form of a business analysis essay is the descriptive essay. It describes what you have done or encountered and how it can be used. Most descriptive essays include a two-page introduction. These descriptions may include geographical or other descriptive information as well as detailed descriptions of the case study.Another type of business analysis essay samples is the prescriptive essay. This form takes the descriptive format and places it in a much more rigid structure. A prescriptive essay outlines the case study. The key question to be answered by the case study is who, or what, should be done to correct or improve the situation. There should be the methods in place to determine how the case study is best addressed.Wit h many business analysis essay samples, the focus is on the process of deciding what to do about the situation. For example, if you wrote a descriptive essay that explains why the business is failing, you would likely choose to give an essay sample that outlines the process of eliminating the cause. If the cause is a defect or a wrong product, the essay sample might focus on the correcting of the defect, or the development of a different product or method. It might also discuss the best ways to train the workers.A third type of business analysis essay samples takes the problem from first impression to last. In this type of essay, the essay focuses on the customer or client relationship. A good sample of this type of essay is one that focuses on the challenge facing the company, along with how the business has responded to that challenge. In a successful business analysis essay, the conclusion is typically a positive reflection on the company.Many business analysis essay samples are of a mixed nature. They show how the company responded to a problem. The purpose of the essay sample is to explain what was done to rectify the problem. You will find that the more of the problem is shown, the more descriptive and detailed the essay sample becomes. The core of the problem is included, the more data needed to solve the problem and the more research needed to be performed to find the solution.One reason many find great business analysis essay samples to be helpful is because they provide clear examples of how the company responded to the problem. The problem might be explained in a well written manner and then the case study is followed by a specific solution to that problem. The focus is on how the company reacted to the problem rather than the exact problem itself. Using examples, the author hopes to help readers understand the problems with their own company and how the writing team's solution helped to resolve them.Business analysis essay samples are just one comp onent of business writing. However, when properly used and understood, they can provide a great resource for understanding and improving the company's operations.

Graduation Speech High School Students - 916 Words

High school students in China are faced with many challenges throughout their education. Some of these challenges include taking the Gaokao exam in order to receive a diploma. The Gaokao exam, also known as the National Higher Education Entrance Examination, is an academic examination that high schoolers need to take prior to entering any higher level education in the future. This test consist of mathematics, Chinese literature, English, and the choice of humanities or natural sciences. Over a course of two days, Chinese students must test for nine hours. It is typical to say that the Gaokao is the most important exam in China for every Chinese students. Nearly every student would need equivalent to ten years of education to have the necessary preparation for this exam. When facing the Gaokao exam, students tend to not drop out of school early to avoid the test, they typically try to accomplish the test again even though they are discouraged from narrowly failing, and the students th at narrowly pass the exam and achieve their diploma are more likely to be successful in China’s labor market than the students that narrowly failed to pass the exam. The Gaokao exam is a very important exam in China because it required for higher education and jobs. The difficulty of the Gaokao can possibly make students avoid taking the exam. Students can drop out of school early, but it will be hard for them to succeed in the future when trying to find a career. According to the article,Show MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : High School Students2263 Words   |  10 PagesFriends, Family, and Students, Good morning Please join me in thanking Mr. Moore, our Band director, and our award winning Jupiter High School band for their performance today. 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Accounting Exploration Career - 1014 Words

Accounting Exploration Career When people talk about accountant, CPA might be the first word that comes out in the mind. It is true that CPA is the most familiar type of accounting work for most of people. However, accountant is a person who works in accounting area. And accounting includes plenty of different types of jobs. The diversity in accounting attracts my interest and makes me decide to major in it. Since accounting contains many different kinds of works, it offers lots of chances to learn different areas in the economic system and even the whole world market. Lots of choices of different jobs is not the only reason that I am interested in being an accountant. Accountant is also a person who does his job in capital†¦show more content†¦Many states require the candidate to have one to two years experience under a CPA. Once you get the CPA license, it is just the start of the accounting life. The best way of all is find a really famous employer in the CPA area. 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Analysis and Evaluation of the Types of Emotion Essay

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis and evaluation of the Types of Emotion from the scientific/empirical and Islamic perspectives. The paper presumes that the readers are familiar with the content of the topic in question based on the introductory Psychology textbook by Ciccarelli and White (2010). Therefore, this paper will focus more the analysis and evaluation, rather than the description and details of the topic. Types of Emotion An emotion is experienced as a feeling that motivates, organizes, and guides perception, thought, and action (Izard, 1991). Emotions can be classified into three major categories which are: (1) the physiology of emotion, (2) the behaviour of emotion, and (3) the subjective†¦show more content†¦However, in 1991, Izard stated that despite the genetically based mechanisms for the fundamental emotions, experience can modify aspects of emotion. A person is capable of learning to inhibit or modify the innate emotional expressions. 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Marketing for Coles Company and Telstra Company-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarketing for Coles Company and Telstra Company. Answer: Introduction The report talks about the three different issues that are generally faced by the company such as Economic Issues, Social Issues, and Ethical Issues. All the issues are faced by the many companies during production. The report deals with the example of three companies namely BHP Billiton, Coles Company and Telstra Company. It is shown how BHP Billiton faces the problem of social issue, how Coles Company faces the problem of economic issue and how Telstra faced the problem of ethical issue. The report opens with a brief description of what marketing means and what is the role of marketers in marketing. It has also mentioned what are the roles of the marketers and what type of strategies are made by them in order to let the company grow. The report talks about BHP Billiton which is a mining company. It is a leading global resource company founded in 1885. The company faces a lot of problems related to social and environmental risk. BHP has a proper access to the mineral rights as it works for the welfare of society but sometimes it becomes tough for them to meet the needs of the society which makes them face the social risks (Fattouh, Kilian, and Mahadeva, 2013). Further, in the report, there is a mention about Coles Company. Coles Company of Australia is a supermarket which deals in providing daily use items and other grocery items to the consumers. It was founded on 1914 in Australia. Since the company deals with satisfying the human wants effectively and efficiently, therefore, it has to take care of the cost of the commodity to be sold at a price that is within the reach of customers. This sometimes leads to the fall in profits and develops the problem of economic issues. Telstra Company as mentioned in the report is a telecommunication company of Australia founded in 1975. The company has been in existence for a long run. The company is a telecommunication company so it has to interact with the customers largely. This gives rise to the ethical issues in the company. The report shows an incident where the company has seen the violation of such issues (Kilian and Murphy, 2014). Marketing is a process that allows the members of the organization to work for satisfying the demands of the consumers and the market. Their work is to fulfill the demands of the market and customers by exchanging relationships. It involved creating good decisions, planning effective strategies and managing the daily report of supply of products on a particular goods and services. Marketing serves a large part of the community. It is an activity mainly designed for customers. The main aim of marketing is that the products supplied by the company should attract the consumers, clients, partners of organization and largely the society (Ahn, Khandelwal, and Wei, 2011). The activity of marketing relates with buying and selling of the commodities with the help of advertising them or promoting the products quality within the society at large. Marketing focuses only on the development of company by meeting the trends going in the market and implementing them to generate profits at large. The strategies of marketing involve using slogans to interest the customers, the design of packing the product that attracts the consumers etc. it also involves products identification, anticipating of ideas and satisfying the consumer requirements in order to generate profits (Chen, Fay and Wang, 2011). A marketer is a person who is responsible for maintaining the record of the supply and managing business reputation in order to meet the human wants of consumers and to generate profits in the market. Marketing is followed through the advancements made by these marketers in the business. They are responsible for managing the sales and profit. It is the duty of the marketers to market goods and services with respect to the company. They are the one responsible for designing and packing the product (Crane and Matten, 2016). They deal in the market and promote the sale of the product. They are the one who makes the company grow by planning good strategies and making favorable decisions. They are responsible for managing the website by actively posting about the companys new schemes and offers. This is a medium to build a customer relationship. They are a mode of making perfect branding analyzing the growth. They are the key elements that help in running the company effectively and effic iently (Kumar, Jones, Venkatesan, and Leone, 2013). Legal issues It is an issue or a problem that shows the impact on the individuals living in the society through legal matters. Marketers work for the society and take care of the health and safety of each and every person working in the company any discrepancy in such issue is then seen by legal authorities of the firm. The legal issue faced by the business is with respect to the wrong product being supplied to them. The major challenge that the company has to face is complaints made by the society that is appealed in court. Society plays a very crucial role for the company as society is the only ultimate user for which the company exists. Hence it can take a step if the company does any illegal activities. Legal issues are faced by a business can harm companys reputation in the market. The kind of problems faced by them can relate with bad quality of products, higher price as compared to the type of commodity being served etc. This becomes challenging to meet the requirements of the consumers fo r the company as well. Sometimes the strategies planned by the company are not appropriate that are biggest issues in further development. The company faces a lot of legal issues. This shows violating of policies and norms of the business. The other issue relating to a legal matter that is faced by the company is also the changing trends of the country. This makes it difficult for the marketers to keep a track on what is in trend and generate products accordingly. Any failure with respect to such trends becomes a risk for the company. They have to walk parallel to trending arrangements of the society. To satisfy such social demands they do every possible thing which sometimes becomes difficult for them. So many times in order to satisfy public demand to earn large profit company take the wrong path which can result in illegal matters (Luchs and Swan, 2011). Legal issues in BHP Billiton Australia are seen in the field of mining. They have to work with corporate sectors in order to keep a check on the corporate social responsibilities of the firm towards its clients. They make contacts with other companies through the activity of bribery sometimes. The industrys nature depends on the operation made by BHP Billiton with the involvement of environmental laws. The legal issues in the company arise in the field of construction and operation. The issue was noticed during the expansion of Olympic Dam. This impact opened new opportunities for jobs. The issue that company faced in this sector was of making good decisions through right approach only (Warnaby and Medway, 2013). Economic issues Economic issues in an organization relate to the profits and losses made by the firm during business. An economic problem is seen in the company because of fewer resources. The human wants in todays world are unlimited but the resources are not sufficient. A number of resources present cannot satisfy the human needs. This creates the problem of economic factor in the company. This economic issue is faced by a large number of countries. Due to the distribution of resources in fewer amount companies have to work according to what they have. The problem of economy arises due to the problem of choice. The managers or the marketers have to deal with such economic situations (Chabowski, Mena, and Gonzalez-Padron, 2011). The economic problems faced by Coles Company Australia include; the problem of minimum wages faced by workers of the company. The marketers have to deal with the workers in order to manage the record of providing appropriate wages. The working at low cost leaves the employee are interested in performing the job accurately. The issue has been faced by Coles Company Australia. The employees working in the organization argued about the minimum wages. They said it will not be beneficial for all the employees rather this will lead to poor working. While the higher authorities argued that higher wages can result in fewer jobs. This economic issue was largely seen in Australian companies. The issues in the company were seen with respect to the religion and other human rights given to every individual. The company faced leadership issues and other environmental issues affecting the companys growth. The economic concerns are seen in the company on a large scale (Gordon, 2012). The economic issues of Coles were dominated by the problem of unemployment, housing, and economy. The issue of unemployment was seen due to lack of job opportunities that company had for younger people. The economy and interest rate of the company was a serious problem that company had to face. The charge of interest was such high that the company had difficulties in paying. Coles Company had the issue of providing houses to a large number of employees working for the business. The prices of the land were so high that it purchasing it came as a hurdle in the path of the company (Cavusgil et al, 2014). Ethical issues Ethical issues are those issues that are faced by the by the company in order to choose wrong and right decisions. Ethical issues teach moral values to the company. It is a medium to choose between what is right and what is wrong for the companys benefit. The answers related to moral well being is generally found in the issues faced by the company regarding the ethics. The evil consequences that company faces are subject to market risk (Berthon, Pitt, Plangger and Shapiro, 2012). These ethical issues of the company are the issues that are frequently seen in the business situations. The issues that generally need the concern of any individual or representative to decide right and wrong i.e. ethical and unethical. Ethical behavior of the company depends on the moral views and principle values. There are various factors that cause issues relating to ethics. It is the responsibility of the business to behave ethically and follow the code of conduct set by the company. Every member of the company is taught to obey the rules and must implement them. It is a fundamental duty of the business to accommodate proper decision making and avoid such complex issues (Camerer, Loewenstein and Rabin, 2011). Telstra Company of Australia highlights the problem of facing the ethical issues largely. The problem faced by them led the company faces legal claim which involved suicide of an employee. This violated the norms of the company and company had to face ethical issues. The case happened due to the pressure of giving to the workers. The stress and depression piled up on the head of the employee which resulted in taking such drastic step (Hyde, 2015). The issues pertaining to ethics were violated and company had to go through several measures in order to get back its existence in the market. The employee was pressured by the workload. Telstra follows moral and ethics in a serious and honest way. But after this incident, it faced many problems in gaining back the trust of the consumers and shareholders. The marketers were left with no clue of how to gain back the amount of profit they used to in the market. This became hot news in the market and the name of the company drowned but soon af ter the company made its existence and managed the reputation (Hunt, 2011). Conclusion The report concludes with the description of ethical issues by taking an example of Telstra Company Australia. The various issues explained in the report are with respect to the top three companies in Australia. All the three companies mention deals in a different business as noticed. No relation could be seen in the three companies but the issues present in the report are seen in every company though not mentioned. The description of marketing and marketers shows how the company deals with such issues and what help these marketing techniques do in order to generate profits in the market. Overall the report gives a complete knowledge about the type of issues that company has to go through and the threats led by the company which stopped its growth. The issues not only give losses to the company but also harm the reputation. Therefore the job of running a business is not easy and is clearly seen in the report.All these issues should be controlled and managed by these companies to gain long term profit and revenue.. References Ahn, J., Khandelwal, A.K. and Wei, S.J., 2011. The role of intermediaries in facilitating trade.Journal of International Economics,84(1), pp.73-85. Berthon, P.R., Pitt, L.F., Plangger, K. and Shapiro, D., 2012. Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), pp.261-271. Camerer, C.F., Loewenstein, G. and Rabin, M. eds., 2011.Advances in behavioral economics. Princeton University Press. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014.International business. Pearson Australia. Chabowski, B.R., Mena, J.A. and Gonzalez-Padron, T.L., 2011. The structure of sustainability research in marketing, 19582008: a basis for future research opportunities.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,39(1), pp.55-70. Chen, Y., Fay, S. and Wang, Q., 2011. The role of marketing in social media: How online consumer reviews evolve.Journal of Interactive Marketing,25(2), pp.85-94. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Fattouh, B., Kilian, L. and Mahadeva, L., 2013. The role of speculation in oil markets: What have we learned so far?.The Energy Journal, pp.7-33. Gordon, R., 2012. Re-thinking and re-tooling the social marketing mix.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),20(2), pp.122-126. Hunt, S.D., 2011. Sustainable marketing, equity, and economic growth: a resource-advantage, economic freedom approach.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,39(1), pp.7-20. Hyde, A., 2015.Working in Silicon Valley: Economic and legal analysis of a high-velocity labor market. Routledge. Kilian, L. and Murphy, D.P., 2014. The role of inventories and speculative trading in the global market for crude oil.Journal of Applied Econometrics,29(3), pp.454-478. Kumar, V., Jones, E., Venkatesan, R. and Leone, R.P., 2013, May. Is market orientation a source of sustainable competitive advantage or simply the cost of competing?. American Marketing Association. Luchs, M. and Swan, K.S., 2011. Perspective: The emergence of product design as a field of marketing inquiry.Journal of Product Innovation Management,28(3), pp.327-345. Sheth, J.N., 2011. Impact of emerging markets on marketing: Rethinking existing perspectives and practices.Journal of Marketing,75(4), pp.166-182. Warnaby, G. and Medway, D., 2013. What about the placein place marketing?.Marketing Theory,13(3), pp.345-363.

Sports and Steroids Societys Acceptance or Rejection of Steroids in Sports

Poetry- She Walks in Beauty (Lord Byron) Essays

Poetry- She Walks in Beauty (Lord Byron) Essays Poetry- She Walks in Beauty (Lord Byron) Paper Poetry- She Walks in Beauty (Lord Byron) Paper Essay Topic: Poetry key themes the unobtainable/ideal/light and dark She Walks in Beauty published 1815, written to be set to music, supposedly about cousins wife, presence at a funeral- darkness does not detract from her beauty but accentuates it She walks in beauty: Structure, meter, significance 3 regular ABABAB sestets, iambic tetrameter, effortless as the recipients effortless grace and beauty significance of meter meter commonly found in hymns- associated with sincerity and simplicity- pure intentions She Walks in Beauty opens she walks in beauty, like the night/Of cloudless climes and starry skies;And all thats best of dark and bright/Meet in her aspect and her eyes Parallelism One shade the more, one ray the less,/Had half impaired the nameless grace/Which waves in every raven tress exterior expression are in line with her interior thoughts Where thoughts serenely sweet express

Explain in your own word Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Explain in your own word - Speech or Presentation Example The anti-derivatives of the function in this part are non-existent. The rule can be utilised in situations when a limit has been ascertained to be in existence. The rule is utilised in establishing functions of limits within a situation where the limit is presumed to exist, but the value remains unknown. The rule can be utilised in calculating limits within real numbers, negative and positive infinities(Krantz, 2004). Within these circumstances, the functional values are assumed to be differentiable. The rule simply applies to situation presenting finite or infinite derivatives. The rule should be used in finding limits in cases presenting a single application. When two applications are utilised the limit values calculation provides the original value. Where more than two applications exist, an answer can never be gotten The series works through providing approximations which are infinitely differentiable. The approximation method utilises partial sums in providing estimations to an entire unknown function of a series. It utilises the first terms of a Taylor series to solve problems regarding some restricted domains in advanced stages of a series. Integration can be defined as a mathematical concept utilised in calculus and is an inverse to differentiation. Integration consists of the area which is normally bounded by a graph and the subsequent axis. An example of an integral value calculated through integration would be amount of water in an irregularly shaped swimming pool. Knowing the various dimensions of the swimming pool, the water becomes surrounded by the walls, hence becoming the integral. Integration solves problems relating to area of irregularly shaped forms. It solves these problems through utilisation of regular shapes like squares, and then effectively converting the irregular shape to a regular shape. c) Give an example of were optimization might be used in the

Strategic Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Strategic Management Accounting - Essay Example Success can be measured by ensuring that the output is as per the desired estimation from the pre-decided input and effort (Rathore, 2009; Siddiqui, 2006). In such situation, responsibility accounting signifies classifying the financial information that is related to the areas associated with the organisational activity. After considering these financial aspects the responsibilities are allocated for controlling different areas of operations. These areas are also known as responsibility centres. There are various types of responsibility centres, such as cost centre, profit centre, revenue centre, and investment centre (Rao, 2007). The financial performance in the organisation are measured and monitored by the managers by considering the relative measures of profitability. ROI is also a relative measure of financial performance that can be utilised for comparison with the other investments. It also assists in providing a summary of the post return on the capital employed. The concept of ROI is based on the yield or benefit that investors reap on investments (Megginson and Smart, 2008). ROI = (Revenue – Investment) / Investment * 100 (Jupri, n. ... The focus of ROI is towards profit, and the data required for such calculating is easily available. Apart from this, the size of the divisions does not affect the calculation, and the managers can easily choose the projects with higher ROI. However, ROI ignores various risks, and considers historic measures. In this case the projects which have slow payoff are generally rejected. This also encourages managers to shift their focus towards short-run than long-run (Kimmel, Weygandt and Kieso, 2008). Apart from ROI, EVA is another tool for measuring financial performance that has become popular among the managers. In this case the performance is calculated on the basis of the residual wealth of the organisation that is deducted by the cost of capital from the operating profit. This is also referred as the economic profit. The formula for calculating EAV is stated below EVA = NOPAT (Net Operating Profit after Taxes) – (Capital * Cost of Capital) The organisation having a positive E VA is said to have yielded profit or wealth, while organisation with negative EVA is said to have consumed the capital. The strength of EVA is that it acts as a major indicator of wealth creation and accordingly assists the managers in streamlining the goals of the division or plant with the corporate goals (Ingram, Albright and Ingram, 2006). However, there are certain limitations in this method, especially when it comes to the size of the division or organisation, or financial orientations. Both the methods discussed here suffer from the drawback of tempting managers with short-term profits. EVA is particularly used for aspects like incentive compensation, investor relations, and resource allocation. The premise in this case is

Effect of Temperatures on Plant Growth

Effect of Temperatures on Plant Growth Chapter 5 IMPLEMENTATION The plant growth module computes the crop growth and development based on daily values of maximum and minimum temperatures, radiation and daily value of soil stress factors. The values are added together to give an estimate of the amount of seasonal growth your plants have achieved. Plant growth prediction model depends on the plant parameters like, Temperature Relative humidity Rainfall Solar radiation. 5.1 Effect of Temperature: Temperature factors that figure into plant growth potentials include the following: Maximum daily temperature Minimum daily temperature Difference between day and night temperature Average daytime temperature Average nighttime temperature Along with these there are other considerations such as: 5.1.1 Microclimates The microclimate of a garden plays a primary role in actual garden temperature. In mountain communities, changes in elevation, air drainage, exposure and thermal heat mass (surrounding rocks) will make gardens significantly warmer or cooler than the temperatures recorded for the are. In mountain communities, it is important to know where the local weather station is located so gardeners can factor in the difference in their specific locations to forecast temperatures more accurately. 5.1.2 Thermal heat mass (surrounding rocks) In many Colorado communities, the surrounding rock formations can form heat sinks creating wonderful gardening spots for local gardeners. Nestled in among the mountains some gardeners have growing seasons several weeks longer than neighbors only a half a mile away. In cooler locations, rock mulch may give some frost protection and increase temperatures for enhanced crop growth. In warmer locations rock mulch can significantly increase summer temperatures and water requirements of landscape plants. 5.1.3 Influence of heat on Crop Growth Temperature affects the growth and productivity of plants, depending on whether the plant is a warm season or cool season crop. Photosynthesis: within limits, rates of photosynthesis and respiration both rise with increasing temperatures. As temperatures reach the upper growing limits for the crop, the rate of food used by respiration may exceed the rate at which food is manufactured by photosynthesis. For tomatoes, growth peaks at 96F. Temperature influence on growth:seeds of cool season crops germinate at 40 to 80.Warm season crop seeds germinate at 50F to 90F.In the spring, cool soil temperatures may prohibit seed germination. Examples of temperature influence on flowering Tomatoes Pollen does not develop if night temperatures are below 55F Blossoms drop if daytime temperatures rise above 95F before 10 am Tomatoes grown in cool climates will have softer fruit with bland flavors. Spinach (a cool season, short day crop) flowers in warm weather with long days. Christmas cacti and poinsettias flower in response to cool temperatures and short days. Examples of temperature influence on crop quality High temperatures increase respiration rates, reducing sugar content of produce. Fruits and vegetables grown in heat will be less sweet. In heat, crop yields reduce while water demand goes up. In hot weather, flowers colors fade and flowers have a shorter life. The Table 5.1 llustrates temperature differences in warm season and cool season Crops Table 6.1 Temperature comparison of cool season and warm season crops Temperature for Cool season: Broccoli, cabbage Warm season: Tomatoes, peppers Germination 40f to 90f,80f optimum 50f to 100f,80f optimum Growth Daytime 65F to 80F preferred 40F minimum Nighttime >32F,tender transplants >mid-20F,established plants Daytime 86F optimum 60F minimum A week below 55F will stunt plant, reducing yields Nighttime >32F Flowering Temperature extremes lead to boiling and buttoning. Nighttime95F by 10 am, blossoms abort Soil Cool Use organic mulch to cool soil Since seeds germinate best in warm soils, use transplants for spring planting, and direct seeding for mid-summer planting(fall harvest) Warm Use black plastic mulch to warm soil, increasing yields and earliness of crop. 5.1.4 Influence of cold temperatures The temperature variation over karnataka for the years 2008,2009,2010.2011 is shown in the figure 6.2. this also shows a clear annual cycle in the temp rise in feb-may and then falls during monsoon and winter. fig 6.2 TEMPERATURE VARIATION OVER KARNATAKA FROM YEAR 2008-2011 5.2 Effect of Relative humidity Relative humidityis the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in an air-water mixture to the saturated vapor pressure of water at a prescribed temperature. The relative humidity of air depends not only on temperature but also on the pressure of the system of interest. 5.2.1 Measurement The humidity of an air-water vapour mixture is determined through the use of psychometric charts if both thedry bulb temperature(T) and thewet bulb temperature(Tw) of the mixture are known. These quantities are readily estimated by using a slingpsychometer. There are several empirical correlations that can be used to estimate the saturated vapour pressure of water vapour as a function of temperature. TheAntoine equationis among the least complex of these formulas, having only three parameters (A, B, and C). Other correlations, such as those presented byGoff-GratchandMagnus Tetens approximation, are more complicated but yield better accuracy. The correlation presented byBuckis commonly encountered in the literature and provides a reasonable balance between complexity and accuracy. whereis the dry bulb temperature expressed in degrees Celsius ( °C),is the absolute pressure expressed in hectopascals (hPa), andis the saturated vapour pressure expressed in hectopascals (hPa). Buck has reported that the maximum relative error is less than 0.20% between -20 °C and +50 °C when this particular form of the generalized formula is used to estimate the saturated vapour pressure of water. 5.2.2 Pressure Dependence The relative humidity of an air-water system is dependent not only on the temperature but also on the absolute pressure of the system of interest. This dependence is demonstrated by considering the air-water system shown below. The system is closed (i.e., no matter enters or leaves the system). The relative humidity over Karnatakafor the years 2008,2009,2010.2011 is shown in the figure 6.4 Fig 6.4 RELATIVE HU MIDITY OVER KARNATAKA 2008-2011 5.3 Effect of Rainfall Fig 6.5 RAIN ANOMALY (top panel) Vs COFFEE AND Rice production over Karnataka 5.4 Effect of Solar Radiation Sunlight is a portionof the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, particularly infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the Earths atmosphere, and is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon. When the direct solar radiation is not blocked by clouds, it is experienced as sunshine, a combination of bright light and radiant heat. When it is blocked by the clouds or reflects off other objects, it is experienced as diffused light. The World Meteorological Organization uses the term sunshine duration to mean the cumulative time during which an area receives direct irradiance from the Sun of at least 120 watts per square meter. Sunlight may be recorded using a sunshine recorder, pyranometer or pyrheliometer. Sunlight takes about 8.3 minutes to reach the Earth. On average, it takes energy between 10,000 and 170,000 years to leave the suns interior and then be emitted from the surface as light. Direct sunlight has a luminous efficacy of about 93 lumens per watt of radiant flux. Bright sunlight provides illuminance of approximately 100,000 luxors lumens per square meter at the Earths surface. The total amount of energy received at ground level from the sun at the zenith is 1004 watts per square meter, which is composed of 527 watts of infrared radiation, 445 watts of visible light, and 32 watts of ultraviolet radiation. At the top of the atmosphere sunlight is about 30% more intense, with more than three times the fraction of ultraviolet (UV), with most of the extra UV consisting of biologically-damaging shortwave ultraviolet. Sunlight is a key factor in photosynthesis, the process used by plants and other autotrophic organisms to convert light energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy that can be used to fuel the organisms act The solar radiation over karnataka for the years 2008,2009,2010.2011 is shown in the figure 6.7, which shows maximum radiation in summer and it decreases in winter. 2008 2009 2010 2011 Fig 6.6 SOLAR RADIATION OVER KODAGU FROM 2008-2011 MODULES OF THE PLANT GROWTH MODEL The plant growth module computes crop growth and development based on daily values of maximum and minimum temperatures radiation and the daily value of two soil water stress factors, SWFAC1 and SWFAC2. This module also simulates leaf area index (LAI), which is used in the soil water module to compute evapotranspiration. 7.1 Initialization Input variables, as listed in table 1, are read from file PLANT.INP. File PLANT.OUT is opened and a header is written to this output file. Table 7.1 input data read for plant module Input data read for plant module Variable name definition Units EMP1 Empirical coefficient for LAI computation ,maximum leaf area expansion per leaf m 2/leaf EMP2 Empirical coefficient for LAI computation Fc Fraction of total crop growth portioned to canopy Intot Duration of reproductive stage Degree-days Lai Leaf area index M2/m2 Lfmax Maximum number of leaves N Leaf number Nb Empirical coefficient for LAI computation P1 Dry matter of leaves removed per plant per unit development after maximum number of leaves is reached G PD Plant density Plants/m2 Rm Maximum rate of leaf appearance Leaf/day Sla Specific leaf area M2/g Tb Base temperature above which reproductive growth occurs  °C W Total plant dry matter g/m2 Wc Canopy dry matter weight g/m2 Wr Root dry matter weight g/m2 7.2 Rate calculations The plant module calls three subroutines: PTS to calculate the effect of temperature on daily plant growth rate and rate of leaf number increase; PGS to calculate daily plant weight increase (g/plant) and LAIS to calculate in leaf area index. In subroutine PTS the growth rate reduction factor (PT) is calculated every day using the following equation: PT=1-0.0025((0.25TMIN + 0.75 TMAX)-26)2 Where TMIN and TMAX are the minimum and maximum daily temperatures. Subroutines PGS calculate PG, the potential daily total dry matter increase (g/plant) :where SRAD is the daily solar radiation and PD is the plant density. SRAD: Y1 is obtained by Y1 =1.5 -0.768. ((ROWASPC .0.01)2 .PD)0.1 Where ROWSPC is the row spacing in cm. The potential plant growth rate is limited by soil water stress through SWFAC and temperature through PT. The plant cycle is divided in vegetative and reproductive phrases. The vegetative phase continues until the plant reaches a genetically determined maximum leaf number. During the vegetative phase, leaf number increase is calculated based on maximum rate and a temperature based limiting factor. During reproductive phase, the difference between daily mean temperature and a base temperature is used to calculate the rate of plant development. Total rate of development towards maturity is accumulated as int. Subroutine LAIS is called for phases to compute the change in leaf area index. During vegetative period, LAI increases as a function of the rate of leaf number increase. The potential rate is limited by soil water stress, through SWFAC and temperature through PT. Its value is given by: dLAI=SWFAC. PT.PD.EMP1. Dn.a/1+a where PD is the plant density , EMP1 is the maximum leaf area expansion per leaf, and a is given by : a= eEMP2.(N-nb) Where EMP2 and nb are coefficients in the expolinear equation and N is the development age of the plant. After plant has reached the maximum number of leaves, LAI starts to decrease as a function of the daily thermal integral, di. The rate of decrease is given by dLAI= -PD.di.p1.SLA Where P1 is the dry matter of leaves removed per plant per unit development after maximum number of leaves is reached and SLA is the specific leaf area. 7.3 Integration Changes to leaf area index, plant weights and leaf number are integrated into the appropriate state variables at the beginning of the integration section. 7.4 Output Daily output is written in PLANT.OUT file. 7.5 Close The PLANT.OUT output file is closed. Fig 7.1 Planning the Concept Of Dynamical Agriculture Model

Macroeconomics :: Economy Economics Essays

Macroeconomics â€Å"How might a country go about lowering its NAIRU? What are the welfare implications of so doing?† In tackling this question, we will adopt a theoretical approach in the sense that we will focus on an economy and explain the determinants of NAIRU as well as the policy options. But it seems logical to first introduce the concept of NAIRU, or the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment, which will be interchangeably used with the â€Å"equilibrium rate of unemployment†. According to Carlin and Soskice , the central concept of equilibrium unemployment can be defined as â€Å"the rate of unemployment at which the expected real wage that results from wage-setting decisions is equal to the real wage implied by price-setting decisions†. Stiglitz argues that the NAIRU is used as a theory to understand the causes of inflation (predicting the changes in inflation rates) and is important because it enlightens the relation between unemployment and increasing inflation. The NAIRU corresponds to the rate of unemployment which is consistent with an unchanging inflation rate, and further reflects how the economy behaves out of equilibrium. Unless employment is at equilibrium level, inflation will increase or decrease until it reaches the NAIRU, the level of output and employment at which inflation is constant. In fact, Stiglitz explains that when unemployment is below the NAIRU, real wages demands are greater than the amount firms are willing to pay. At equilibrium, the behavior of wage-setters is compatible with that of the price-setters. His point is indeed that â€Å"if NAIRU exists, it must be changing over time† . What is more, Stiglitz identifies four phenomena that can change the NAIRU, namely changing demogra phics of the labor force, the productivity growth becoming more in line with worker expectations, an increase in the competitiveness of the labor and product market (through greater openness and trade), and finally hysterisis, which says that a higher NAIRU will generate an even higher one. He also discards the theory according to which productivity rate affects the equilibrium rate: productivity only has a temporary influence through the â€Å"wage-aspiration† effect. According to Altig and Gomme , the NAIRU is thought to represent a â€Å"speed limit† for economic activity: â€Å"it measures a nation’s sustainable production capability†. If the economy grows faster than its resources can support over the long-run, that is when the unemployment rate falls below the NAIRU, then price pressure builds and inflation rate accelerates.

Boys will be boys Essay

Boys need care and support also when they are growing up, but it seems their behavior is required more rigidly. When boys come to the age of 10 or 11, they are required to behavior like a man. A boy who is scared in the dark or left alone at such a young age will be laughed, he will be said sissy. The traditional way asked boys mislead them to be pretend to be man-like. They have to be independent exactly when they need love and support from parents, they get no comfort or care when they get hurt. All of which at last lead to a pathological for the boy who can’t handle it well. Boys suffer from the way people rewire them, they are emotionally expressive, but a long time to repress their real feelings lead to a higher rate of crime or suicide, smoking and alcoholics in boys than girls. If boys go against their heart for a long time, they can’t act who they are for a long time, they get no help or guide, psychological problems will come into being instead. For example, a boy who lost his father in an early age, in his heart he desires the love from his father or from a man. But he should behave like a man to avoid being laughed by others while he is so weak, he has no one to talk this desire, so that as the desire become stronger and stronger, most cases, he becomes a gay. At last, boys should be taken care of in a different way from girls. The rigid idea that boys should behave like a â€Å"big boy† every moment should be considered carefully. Maybe when the boys really get the opportunity to be themselves, there will be less crime and suicide. No matter how he behaves, just follow the voice from the heart. Let the boys be who they are, more acceptance and love is need for who they are.

Social Media Is A Big Invasion Of Privacy - 915 Words

Social media has taken over the modern day world. It has helped us to communicate, share information, keep in touch, etc. We often forget about the problems it causes. Social media causes ethical dilemmas such as violations of misrepresentation, privacy, cyber bullying, and spying. Social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat have made the world what it is today. Although, social media helps us tremendously, we have to be very careful that we do not abuse it. In the article â€Å"Ethical Dilemmas Faced in Content Marketing,† Dr. Jim Barry writes that social media is a big invasion of privacy. He states that social media includes â€Å"non-permissive approaches taken by a marketer to disclose profile information as well as the sharing of sensitive personal information through channels that could exploit or otherwise harm the individual’s standing. Advertisers break your online privacy to develop new ways to promote products. They find a way to match your interests to the sites that show up on your screen. They keep a close eye on your social media behavior. Sites like Twitter work with cookies which are small files stored in a computer that enable tracking the user across different sites. They can track you and gather information about what you are doing a social media web page. Social networks are changing the relationships between people. â€Å"Basement-inhabiting creeps† are sitting in front of their computer screens silently watching your everyShow MoreRelatedData Protection and Customer Privacy743 Words   |  3 PagesThe media, trade bodies and academia has created a large buzz around the Data Protection and customers’ privacy in the recent years. The consequences of the issue raised are different legislation policies, self-regulation, and general confusion. In order to be discussed, this controversial topic should be looked at from two different perspectives: customers’ one and direct marketers’ one. From customers’ point of view, direct marketing is undoubtedly an invasion of their privacy. Consumers feel intimidatedRead MoreThe Censorship Of The Media1665 Words   |  7 Pages Privacy in the Media In addition, the media is in an especially complex situation regarding the current concept of privacy regarding the proper use of technology and due to the numerous ethical issues, that arise from sensationalist media practices. First, the invasion of privacy can be justified by uncovering vital information that serves public interest to be considered ethical journalistic practice (Plaisance, 2014, p. 187). However, while there is less ethical merit in providing the publicRead More The Internet, Technology, and Privacy Essay examples954 Words   |  4 Pages Privacy on the Web has become a growing concern among Americans due to tracking and social profiling of users and their online habits. 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