Religion and Economics in Robinson Crusoe and Protestant Ethic and the

Religion and Economics in Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe and Max Weber's Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalismâ â â â â â â â â â â One of the most perceived and compelling speculations in humanism shows up in Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, which interfaces the advancement of private enterprise to social and social elements, basically religion, rather than monetary factors alone. In his hypothesis Weber presumes that the Protestant Ethic significantly impacted the improvement of free enterprise in the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds of years. As indicated by Gordon Marshall, Weber contends that the two most significant components of Protestantism adding to private enterprise were steadiness in common reasons for living or jobs and the idea of fate (71). On the off chance that without a doubt these strict components influenced the ascent of free enterprise, it would bode well that other social components, for example, writing, would reflect both Protestant and entrepreneur belief system. This exposition shows that in truth such Protestant thoughts as calling and destiny, which w ere available in the religion of the time, communicate with industrialist thoughts in Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, who was himself a dedicated Protestant that pre-owned his compositions to impact both the strict and financial perspectives on his perusers (Earle 31). In the event that Weber's contention is viable, at that point Robinson Crusoe may serve to speak to in fiction the Protestant Ethic in mid eighteenth century society and its creating soul of free enterprise. A particularly intriguing inquiry that emerges from this investigation is the means by which a social structure that is customarily viewed as a-good, uncalled for, and materialistic (i.e., financial aspects) can be advocated by a structure that is viewed as good, just, and profound (i.e., rel... ...ork: Scribner's, 1954. Earle, Peter. The World of Defoe. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976. Forell, George W. The Protestant Faith. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1960. Marshall, Gordon. In Search of the Spirit of Capitalism: An Essay on Max Weber's Protestant Ethic Thesis. New York: Columbia UP, 1982. Pauck, Wilhelm. The Heritage of Reformation. New York: Oxford UP, 1950. Reshef, Yonatan. Max Weber: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. n. pag. On the web. Web. 5 October 1999. Accessible: http://courses.bus.ualberta.ca/orga417/weber.htm Tawney, R. H. Religion and the Rise of Capitalism: A Historical Study. London: Hazell, Watson, and Viney, 1926. Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. On the web. 10 October 1999. Accessible: http://www.spc.uchicago.edu/ssrl/PRELIMS/Theory/weber.html#weber2. Â

Accounting Theory and Issues Preparing Business Concerns

Question: Examine about the Accounting Theory and Issues for Preparing Business Concerns. Answer: Presentation The current examination reveals insight into the bookkeeping speculations and ideas and the manner in which business concerns get ready and present their broadly useful budgetary reports. The present examination explains in detail the points, destinations and foundation of three top 100 (Australia Stock Exchange-ASX) recorded associations, to be specific, BHP Billiton, CSR Limited and Woolworths Limited. What's more, the current examination explains in detail the calculated system of the three distinct associations so as to do a near investigation of the structure for the readiness and introduction of budget summaries. Besides, the current investigation additionally elucidates in subtleties the substance of the three business concerns and does a similar examination between the three distinct organizations. Accordingly, the present segment does an overall investigation of the compensation structure, calculated system alongside various issues of the bookkeeping of the three distinct or ganizations. In this way, it very well may be said that the present record illustratively a near articulation of the bookkeeping standards and issues with exceptional direction to the activities of BHP Billiton Limited, CSR Limited and Woolworths Limited. Foundation BHP Billiton Limited is a traded on an open market notable Anglo-Australian transnational mining, metals just as oil organization, traded on an open market in the ASX (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). BHP Billiton, headquartered in Melbourne, Australia is the biggest mining company on the planet specified by the market estimations of 2015 and is the fourth biggest business worry in Australia as far as income (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). CSR Limited is a colossal openly recorded Australian modern partnership that works in the structure material industry. The organization, headquartered in New South Wales, Australia, works in Australia, New Zealand and United States and markets items, for example, glass, blocks plasterboard, protection just as aluminum (Csr.com.au 2016). Woolworths Limited is an Australian retail goliath that is traded on an open market in the Australian Stock Exchange. The organization, headquartered in New South Wales, Australia, works in the retailing business and serves in Australia, New Zealand and India (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). Woolworths Limited is viewed as the second biggest company in Australia as far as income, simply after the Perth based global Wesfarmers. The organization works in various divisions that incorporate the grocery stores, Food For less, alcohol area, Petrol and General Merchandise among numerous others (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). Point The points and destinations of BHP Billiton are To make long haul an incentive for the investors of the firm by methods for disclosure, securing, improvement just as promoting of characteristic assets (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). To possess just as work colossal, strong, low-estimated, and expandable and simultaneously upstream resources stretched out in various items, geologies just as market. The points and destinations of CSR Limited are To convey expanded comes back to investors by methods for age of development in income and increment in gainfulness (Csr.com.au 2016) To concentrate on focused end markets with the absorbed just as separated items and administrations with the plan to achieve supportable development and higher edges with returns The points and targets of Woolworths Limited are To convey development year on year and to give reliably solid comes back to the investors of the partnership To recapture energy in the stores of Australia and to outflank in the alcohol business To clarify headway in the Masters way to efficiency, increasing speed of the lean retail model to contend in new condition, upkeep of trained portfolio the executives just as capital distribution Substance of organizations The substance of the organization CSR Limited incorporates crucial, bookkeeping just as expense framework, customers and enrollments. The target of the associations is to improve the estimation of the investors of the firm by guaranteeing steady development of the partnership. Conversation Examination between organizations The three organizations CSR Limited, Woolworths Limited and the BHP Billiton can be looked at dependent on the utilization of the bookkeeping norms and standards and the exhibitions of the partnership. The exhibition of the partnership can be dissected dependent on the benefit and the potential for age of income of the company (Rankin et al. 2012). According to the consistence revelation in the yearly proclamation of the organization CSR Limited, it very well may be thus discovered that the broadly useful budgetary report of the organization is in compliance with the Corporation Act 2001. What's more, the universally useful money related reports is additionally arranged subsequent to thinking about the usage just as translation of various bookkeeping standards as specified under the Australian Accounting Standards Board. The measures contain hidden research just as advancement use, essential deals, general just as regulatory uses, fundamental benefit and cost of deals, working benefi t, net benefit and profit per share (Horngren et al. 2012). The united budget reports follow the idea of distinguishing exchange receivables at reasonable worth and from that point are listed at amortized cost (Hong Yang 2012). Once more, the inventories of the company CSR Limited is basically esteemed at net feasible worth or probably cost whichever is second rate however the procedure is judicious yet it downplays benefit. Moreover, the partnership CSR Limited additionally follows the straight-line procedure of devaluation that precisely recreates the treatment of benefit (Arnold 2011). This aides in introducing valid just as reasonable estimation of various resources, liabilities, money related condition along with the benefit and misfortune. Then again, the administration of the Woolworths Limited gets ready and presents the General Purpose Financial Reports as per the Corporation Act 2001 and the Australian Accounting Standards just as Interpretations, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). Furthermore, the budget summaries likewise comply with different commitments of law. Once more, the united budgetary statements are additionally arranged basically in the Australian Dollars that happens to the utilitarian cash of the organization. Moreover, the merged money related statements are likewise sorted out dependent on the recorded expense barring certain benefits just as liabilities that are estimated at reasonable incentive as explained in various bookkeeping techniques (Bragg 2011). The administration of BHP Billiton Limited gets ready just as presents combined budget summaries according to the International Financial Reporting Standards as was given by the International Accounting Standards Board and sketched out in the area 41 Basis of planning and estimation to the fiscal summaries in the money related reports. Likewise, the administration of the organization additionally utilizes distinctive non-IFRS measures that can help during the time spent assessment of the presentation. Once more, according to the yearly fiscal reports of the organization BHP Billiton Limited, the premise of planning just as estimation likewise accommodates with conditions (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Relative evaluation of the monetary exhibition The organizations can likewise be thought about dependent on various estimation of execution of organizations. The structure for readiness just as introduction of money related revelations mirrors the way that various things that raise the financial advantages are basically included as the pay and various things that decline the monetary advantage of the firm speaks to the costs of the firm in the pay articulation of the enterprise (Devi and Hooper 2012). Once more, the investigation of various things of budgetary execution can incorporate the income and benefit. The investigation of the money related reports in the yearly articulations of the organization BHP Billiton Limited mirrors the way that the income of the organization during the year 2015 was enrolled to be US $44638 million (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). The combined salary explanation of the organization uncovers the way that the income has diminished from US $56762 enrolled during 2014 to US$44638 in 2015. Once more, the merged budget summaries additionally uncover the way that the income age of the partnership has declined reliably all through the three-year time frame. Once more, the yearly explanation of the BHP Billiton uncovers the way that the inferable benefit of the organization was recorded to be US $ 2884m, US $1384 m, US $ (1312) m, US $269 m and US $ (1512) m (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Notwithstanding, the profits of the organization have expanded all through the five-year time of 2011 to 2015. The profit of BHP Billiton Limited has reached US$6.6 billion (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). This mirrors the way that the income of the organization has likewise declined during the period 2015 as the business income has declined on one hand and the profit payout has expanded. Once more, the advantages of the company have likewise diminished from US $151413 in 2014 to US $124580. At long last, it tends to be said that the inferable benefit, income and the profit affirmation of the partnership can be considered as the presentation estimation standards for the company. Figure 1: Consolidated Income Statement of BHP Billiton Limited (Source: Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Once more, the investigation of the money related execution of Woolworths Limited incorporates the assessment of the income and the net benefit of the firm from the salary proclamation of the enterprise. The all out income of the firm was recorded to be $60868 million during the year 2015 (Woolworthslimi

The Three Main Types of Business Analysis Essay Samples

The Three Main Types of Business Analysis Essay SamplesBusiness analysis essay samples are available in a wide variety of formats. Depending on the type of study you intend to do, there is a particular essay sample that will best suit your needs.The most traditional form of a business analysis essay is the descriptive essay. It describes what you have done or encountered and how it can be used. Most descriptive essays include a two-page introduction. These descriptions may include geographical or other descriptive information as well as detailed descriptions of the case study.Another type of business analysis essay samples is the prescriptive essay. This form takes the descriptive format and places it in a much more rigid structure. A prescriptive essay outlines the case study. The key question to be answered by the case study is who, or what, should be done to correct or improve the situation. There should be the methods in place to determine how the case study is best addressed.Wit h many business analysis essay samples, the focus is on the process of deciding what to do about the situation. For example, if you wrote a descriptive essay that explains why the business is failing, you would likely choose to give an essay sample that outlines the process of eliminating the cause. If the cause is a defect or a wrong product, the essay sample might focus on the correcting of the defect, or the development of a different product or method. It might also discuss the best ways to train the workers.A third type of business analysis essay samples takes the problem from first impression to last. In this type of essay, the essay focuses on the customer or client relationship. A good sample of this type of essay is one that focuses on the challenge facing the company, along with how the business has responded to that challenge. In a successful business analysis essay, the conclusion is typically a positive reflection on the company.Many business analysis essay samples are of a mixed nature. They show how the company responded to a problem. The purpose of the essay sample is to explain what was done to rectify the problem. You will find that the more of the problem is shown, the more descriptive and detailed the essay sample becomes. The core of the problem is included, the more data needed to solve the problem and the more research needed to be performed to find the solution.One reason many find great business analysis essay samples to be helpful is because they provide clear examples of how the company responded to the problem. The problem might be explained in a well written manner and then the case study is followed by a specific solution to that problem. The focus is on how the company reacted to the problem rather than the exact problem itself. Using examples, the author hopes to help readers understand the problems with their own company and how the writing team's solution helped to resolve them.Business analysis essay samples are just one comp onent of business writing. However, when properly used and understood, they can provide a great resource for understanding and improving the company's operations.

Graduation Speech High School Students - 916 Words

High school students in China are faced with many challenges throughout their education. Some of these challenges include taking the Gaokao exam in order to receive a diploma. The Gaokao exam, also known as the National Higher Education Entrance Examination, is an academic examination that high schoolers need to take prior to entering any higher level education in the future. This test consist of mathematics, Chinese literature, English, and the choice of humanities or natural sciences. Over a course of two days, Chinese students must test for nine hours. It is typical to say that the Gaokao is the most important exam in China for every Chinese students. Nearly every student would need equivalent to ten years of education to have the necessary preparation for this exam. When facing the Gaokao exam, students tend to not drop out of school early to avoid the test, they typically try to accomplish the test again even though they are discouraged from narrowly failing, and the students th at narrowly pass the exam and achieve their diploma are more likely to be successful in China’s labor market than the students that narrowly failed to pass the exam. The Gaokao exam is a very important exam in China because it required for higher education and jobs. The difficulty of the Gaokao can possibly make students avoid taking the exam. Students can drop out of school early, but it will be hard for them to succeed in the future when trying to find a career. According to the article,Show MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : High School Students2263 Words   |  10 PagesFriends, Family, and Students, Good morning Please join me in thanking Mr. Moore, our Band director, and our award winning Jupiter High School band for their performance today. 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Accounting Exploration Career - 1014 Words

Accounting Exploration Career When people talk about accountant, CPA might be the first word that comes out in the mind. It is true that CPA is the most familiar type of accounting work for most of people. However, accountant is a person who works in accounting area. And accounting includes plenty of different types of jobs. The diversity in accounting attracts my interest and makes me decide to major in it. Since accounting contains many different kinds of works, it offers lots of chances to learn different areas in the economic system and even the whole world market. Lots of choices of different jobs is not the only reason that I am interested in being an accountant. Accountant is also a person who does his job in capital†¦show more content†¦Many states require the candidate to have one to two years experience under a CPA. Once you get the CPA license, it is just the start of the accounting life. The best way of all is find a really famous employer in the CPA area. 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Analysis and Evaluation of the Types of Emotion Essay

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis and evaluation of the Types of Emotion from the scientific/empirical and Islamic perspectives. The paper presumes that the readers are familiar with the content of the topic in question based on the introductory Psychology textbook by Ciccarelli and White (2010). Therefore, this paper will focus more the analysis and evaluation, rather than the description and details of the topic. Types of Emotion An emotion is experienced as a feeling that motivates, organizes, and guides perception, thought, and action (Izard, 1991). Emotions can be classified into three major categories which are: (1) the physiology of emotion, (2) the behaviour of emotion, and (3) the subjective†¦show more content†¦However, in 1991, Izard stated that despite the genetically based mechanisms for the fundamental emotions, experience can modify aspects of emotion. A person is capable of learning to inhibit or modify the innate emotional expressions. 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The progress of doing research is measured by its quantity, not its quality (Santayana, 2011). Collecting enough data is advisable since after measurement some of the data would be discredited. This research would gather data information to address critical evaluation questionsRead MoreThe Limitations Of Detection Of Deception Instruments1671 Words   |  7 Pages The Limitations of Detection of Deception Instruments Voice Stress Analysis CMRJ 334 Lindsey Shaw Kelli Callahan Introduction The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the limitations of equipment that is used to detect deception and examine whether the forensic discipline aligns with The Daubert Standard of Admissibility. In regards to the types of equipment used to detect deception, the most common piece of equipment is the polygraph. However, as with every piece of equipment

Marketing for Coles Company and Telstra Company-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarketing for Coles Company and Telstra Company. Answer: Introduction The report talks about the three different issues that are generally faced by the company such as Economic Issues, Social Issues, and Ethical Issues. All the issues are faced by the many companies during production. The report deals with the example of three companies namely BHP Billiton, Coles Company and Telstra Company. It is shown how BHP Billiton faces the problem of social issue, how Coles Company faces the problem of economic issue and how Telstra faced the problem of ethical issue. The report opens with a brief description of what marketing means and what is the role of marketers in marketing. It has also mentioned what are the roles of the marketers and what type of strategies are made by them in order to let the company grow. The report talks about BHP Billiton which is a mining company. It is a leading global resource company founded in 1885. The company faces a lot of problems related to social and environmental risk. BHP has a proper access to the mineral rights as it works for the welfare of society but sometimes it becomes tough for them to meet the needs of the society which makes them face the social risks (Fattouh, Kilian, and Mahadeva, 2013). Further, in the report, there is a mention about Coles Company. Coles Company of Australia is a supermarket which deals in providing daily use items and other grocery items to the consumers. It was founded on 1914 in Australia. Since the company deals with satisfying the human wants effectively and efficiently, therefore, it has to take care of the cost of the commodity to be sold at a price that is within the reach of customers. This sometimes leads to the fall in profits and develops the problem of economic issues. Telstra Company as mentioned in the report is a telecommunication company of Australia founded in 1975. The company has been in existence for a long run. The company is a telecommunication company so it has to interact with the customers largely. This gives rise to the ethical issues in the company. The report shows an incident where the company has seen the violation of such issues (Kilian and Murphy, 2014). Marketing is a process that allows the members of the organization to work for satisfying the demands of the consumers and the market. Their work is to fulfill the demands of the market and customers by exchanging relationships. It involved creating good decisions, planning effective strategies and managing the daily report of supply of products on a particular goods and services. Marketing serves a large part of the community. It is an activity mainly designed for customers. The main aim of marketing is that the products supplied by the company should attract the consumers, clients, partners of organization and largely the society (Ahn, Khandelwal, and Wei, 2011). The activity of marketing relates with buying and selling of the commodities with the help of advertising them or promoting the products quality within the society at large. Marketing focuses only on the development of company by meeting the trends going in the market and implementing them to generate profits at large. The strategies of marketing involve using slogans to interest the customers, the design of packing the product that attracts the consumers etc. it also involves products identification, anticipating of ideas and satisfying the consumer requirements in order to generate profits (Chen, Fay and Wang, 2011). A marketer is a person who is responsible for maintaining the record of the supply and managing business reputation in order to meet the human wants of consumers and to generate profits in the market. Marketing is followed through the advancements made by these marketers in the business. They are responsible for managing the sales and profit. It is the duty of the marketers to market goods and services with respect to the company. They are the one responsible for designing and packing the product (Crane and Matten, 2016). They deal in the market and promote the sale of the product. They are the one who makes the company grow by planning good strategies and making favorable decisions. They are responsible for managing the website by actively posting about the companys new schemes and offers. This is a medium to build a customer relationship. They are a mode of making perfect branding analyzing the growth. They are the key elements that help in running the company effectively and effic iently (Kumar, Jones, Venkatesan, and Leone, 2013). Legal issues It is an issue or a problem that shows the impact on the individuals living in the society through legal matters. Marketers work for the society and take care of the health and safety of each and every person working in the company any discrepancy in such issue is then seen by legal authorities of the firm. The legal issue faced by the business is with respect to the wrong product being supplied to them. The major challenge that the company has to face is complaints made by the society that is appealed in court. Society plays a very crucial role for the company as society is the only ultimate user for which the company exists. Hence it can take a step if the company does any illegal activities. Legal issues are faced by a business can harm companys reputation in the market. The kind of problems faced by them can relate with bad quality of products, higher price as compared to the type of commodity being served etc. This becomes challenging to meet the requirements of the consumers fo r the company as well. Sometimes the strategies planned by the company are not appropriate that are biggest issues in further development. The company faces a lot of legal issues. This shows violating of policies and norms of the business. The other issue relating to a legal matter that is faced by the company is also the changing trends of the country. This makes it difficult for the marketers to keep a track on what is in trend and generate products accordingly. Any failure with respect to such trends becomes a risk for the company. They have to walk parallel to trending arrangements of the society. To satisfy such social demands they do every possible thing which sometimes becomes difficult for them. So many times in order to satisfy public demand to earn large profit company take the wrong path which can result in illegal matters (Luchs and Swan, 2011). Legal issues in BHP Billiton Australia are seen in the field of mining. They have to work with corporate sectors in order to keep a check on the corporate social responsibilities of the firm towards its clients. They make contacts with other companies through the activity of bribery sometimes. The industrys nature depends on the operation made by BHP Billiton with the involvement of environmental laws. The legal issues in the company arise in the field of construction and operation. The issue was noticed during the expansion of Olympic Dam. This impact opened new opportunities for jobs. The issue that company faced in this sector was of making good decisions through right approach only (Warnaby and Medway, 2013). Economic issues Economic issues in an organization relate to the profits and losses made by the firm during business. An economic problem is seen in the company because of fewer resources. The human wants in todays world are unlimited but the resources are not sufficient. A number of resources present cannot satisfy the human needs. This creates the problem of economic factor in the company. This economic issue is faced by a large number of countries. Due to the distribution of resources in fewer amount companies have to work according to what they have. The problem of economy arises due to the problem of choice. The managers or the marketers have to deal with such economic situations (Chabowski, Mena, and Gonzalez-Padron, 2011). The economic problems faced by Coles Company Australia include; the problem of minimum wages faced by workers of the company. The marketers have to deal with the workers in order to manage the record of providing appropriate wages. The working at low cost leaves the employee are interested in performing the job accurately. The issue has been faced by Coles Company Australia. The employees working in the organization argued about the minimum wages. They said it will not be beneficial for all the employees rather this will lead to poor working. While the higher authorities argued that higher wages can result in fewer jobs. This economic issue was largely seen in Australian companies. The issues in the company were seen with respect to the religion and other human rights given to every individual. The company faced leadership issues and other environmental issues affecting the companys growth. The economic concerns are seen in the company on a large scale (Gordon, 2012). The economic issues of Coles were dominated by the problem of unemployment, housing, and economy. The issue of unemployment was seen due to lack of job opportunities that company had for younger people. The economy and interest rate of the company was a serious problem that company had to face. The charge of interest was such high that the company had difficulties in paying. Coles Company had the issue of providing houses to a large number of employees working for the business. The prices of the land were so high that it purchasing it came as a hurdle in the path of the company (Cavusgil et al, 2014). Ethical issues Ethical issues are those issues that are faced by the by the company in order to choose wrong and right decisions. Ethical issues teach moral values to the company. It is a medium to choose between what is right and what is wrong for the companys benefit. The answers related to moral well being is generally found in the issues faced by the company regarding the ethics. The evil consequences that company faces are subject to market risk (Berthon, Pitt, Plangger and Shapiro, 2012). These ethical issues of the company are the issues that are frequently seen in the business situations. The issues that generally need the concern of any individual or representative to decide right and wrong i.e. ethical and unethical. Ethical behavior of the company depends on the moral views and principle values. There are various factors that cause issues relating to ethics. It is the responsibility of the business to behave ethically and follow the code of conduct set by the company. Every member of the company is taught to obey the rules and must implement them. It is a fundamental duty of the business to accommodate proper decision making and avoid such complex issues (Camerer, Loewenstein and Rabin, 2011). Telstra Company of Australia highlights the problem of facing the ethical issues largely. The problem faced by them led the company faces legal claim which involved suicide of an employee. This violated the norms of the company and company had to face ethical issues. The case happened due to the pressure of giving to the workers. The stress and depression piled up on the head of the employee which resulted in taking such drastic step (Hyde, 2015). The issues pertaining to ethics were violated and company had to go through several measures in order to get back its existence in the market. The employee was pressured by the workload. Telstra follows moral and ethics in a serious and honest way. But after this incident, it faced many problems in gaining back the trust of the consumers and shareholders. The marketers were left with no clue of how to gain back the amount of profit they used to in the market. This became hot news in the market and the name of the company drowned but soon af ter the company made its existence and managed the reputation (Hunt, 2011). Conclusion The report concludes with the description of ethical issues by taking an example of Telstra Company Australia. The various issues explained in the report are with respect to the top three companies in Australia. All the three companies mention deals in a different business as noticed. No relation could be seen in the three companies but the issues present in the report are seen in every company though not mentioned. The description of marketing and marketers shows how the company deals with such issues and what help these marketing techniques do in order to generate profits in the market. Overall the report gives a complete knowledge about the type of issues that company has to go through and the threats led by the company which stopped its growth. The issues not only give losses to the company but also harm the reputation. Therefore the job of running a business is not easy and is clearly seen in the report.All these issues should be controlled and managed by these companies to gain long term profit and revenue.. References Ahn, J., Khandelwal, A.K. and Wei, S.J., 2011. The role of intermediaries in facilitating trade.Journal of International Economics,84(1), pp.73-85. Berthon, P.R., Pitt, L.F., Plangger, K. and Shapiro, D., 2012. 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The role of speculation in oil markets: What have we learned so far?.The Energy Journal, pp.7-33. Gordon, R., 2012. Re-thinking and re-tooling the social marketing mix.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),20(2), pp.122-126. Hunt, S.D., 2011. Sustainable marketing, equity, and economic growth: a resource-advantage, economic freedom approach.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,39(1), pp.7-20. Hyde, A., 2015.Working in Silicon Valley: Economic and legal analysis of a high-velocity labor market. Routledge. Kilian, L. and Murphy, D.P., 2014. The role of inventories and speculative trading in the global market for crude oil.Journal of Applied Econometrics,29(3), pp.454-478. Kumar, V., Jones, E., Venkatesan, R. and Leone, R.P., 2013, May. Is market orientation a source of sustainable competitive advantage or simply the cost of competing?. American Marketing Association. Luchs, M. and Swan, K.S., 2011. 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